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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">regmedjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Регенерация органов и тканей</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Регенерация органов и тканей</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5938</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Общество регенеративной медицины</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.60043/2949-5938-2025-1-22-30</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">regmedjournal-103</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И КОММЕНТАРИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND COMMENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Использование мезенхимальных стромальных клеток и их экзосом в коррекции ишемических повреждений кишечника</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Use of mesenchymal stromal cells and their exosomes in the correction of ischemic intestinal injuries</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плечев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plechev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Плечев Вячеслав Владимирович — ординатор по специальности «сердечно-сосудистая хирургия» ФГБОУ ВО «БГМУ»; врач-терапевт ГБУЗ «РКЦ».</p><p>450008, Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3; 450106, Уфа, ул. Степана Кувыкина, д. 96</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vyacheslav V. Plechev — Resident in сardio-vascular surgery at Bashkir State Medical University; General Practitioner of the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution Republican Cardiology Center.</p><p>450008, Ufa, Lenin St., 3; 450106, Ufa, Stepan Kuvykin St., 96</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">slava.plechev.00@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилко</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilko</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Данилко Ксения Владимировна — заведующая лабораторией клеточных культур Института фундаментальной медицины ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет».</p><p>Уфа, 450054, ул. Заки Валиди, д. 32/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia V. Danilko — Head of the Cell Culture Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University.</p><p>450054, Ufa, Zaki Validi St., 32/2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимербулатов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timerbulatov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимербулатов Виль Мамилович — член-корр. РАН, д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой хирургии с курсом эндоскопии ФГБОУ ВО «БГМУ».</p><p>450008, Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vil M. Timerbulatov — Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Head of the Department of Surgery with a Course in Endoscopy, Bashkir State Medical University; Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.</p><p>450008, Ufa, Lenin St., 3</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркелов</surname><given-names>В. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markelov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маркелов Виталий Андреевич — младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточных культур Института фундаментальной медицины ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет».</p><p>Уфа, 450054, ул. Заки Валиди, д. 32/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaly A. Markelov — Junior Research Fellow, Cell Culture Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University.</p><p>450054, Ufa, Zaki Validi St., 32/2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет»; ГБУЗ «Республиканский кардиологический центр»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University; Republican Cardiology Center<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт биохимии и генетики — обособленное структурное подразделение Уфимского федерального исследовательского центра РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics — Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Плечев В.В., Данилко К.В., Тимербулатов В.М., Маркелов В.A., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Плечев В.В., Данилко К.В., Тимербулатов В.М., Маркелов В.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Plechev V.V., Danilko K.V., Timerbulatov V.M., Markelov V.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.regmed-journal.ru/jour/article/view/103">https://www.regmed-journal.ru/jour/article/view/103</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: провести комплексный анализ современных научных данных о применении мезенхимальных стромальных клеток (МСК) и их экзосом для коррекции ишемических повреждений кишечника, оценить перспективы клинического применения и выявить существующие ограничения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В основу исследования положен систематический анализ публикаций за период 2000–2024 гг. в базах данных PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, eLibrary, Кохрейновской библиотеки. Использованы ключевые слова: «ишемия кишечника», «мезенхимальные стромальные клетки», «экзосомы», «регенеративная медицина», «кишечная ишемия-реперфузия». Поиск выявил 235 публикаций; после исключения дубликатов и скрининга аннотаций отобрано 127 работ. Полные тексты 89 статей проанализированы на предмет соответствия цели исследования. В окончательный анализ включены 25 источников.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что МСК и продуцируемые ими экзосомы демонстрируют выраженный терапевтический эффект при ишемическом повреждении кишечника. Основные механизмы включают паракринную регуляцию через секрецию факторов роста (VEGF, FGF, HGF), иммуномодуляцию (снижение TNF-α, IL-6 на 60–70%), стимуляцию ангиогенеза (повышение плотности капилляров на 45%) и подавление апоптоза (снижение на 50–60%). Наибольшей эффективностью обладают аутологичные МСК жировой ткани и костного мозга, в то время как аллогенные клетки требуют дополнительного изучения безопасности. Экзосомы как бесклеточная альтернатива демонстрируют сопоставимую с МСК эффективность при меньшем риске осложнений. В проанализированных исследованиях не выявлено убедительных данных о превосходстве МСК над экзосомами или наоборот; большинство авторов указывают на сопоставимые терапевтические эффекты.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Терапия на основе МСК и экзосом представляет собой перспективное направление в лечении ишемических повреждений кишечника, соответствующее принципам регенеративной и персонализированной медицины. Однако для широкого клинического внедрения необходимы дальнейшие исследования для стандартизации протоколов, оценки долгосрочных результатов и разработки единых требований к материалам, включая показания, противопоказания, дозировки и виды используемого клеточного продукта.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The purpose of the study</title><p>The purpose of the study: to conduct a comprehensive analysis of current scientific data on the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their exosomes for the correction of ischemic intestinal damage, assess the prospects for clinical application, and identify existing limitations.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study is based on a systematic analysis of publications from 2000 to 2024 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, eLibrary, and the Cochrane Library. The key-words used were “intestinal ischemia”, “mesenchymal stromal cells”, “exosomes”, “regenerative medicine’, and “intestinal ischemia-reperfusion”. The search identified 235 publications; after excluding duplicates and screening abstracts, 127 were selected. The full texts of 89 articles were analyzed for relevance to the study objective. The final analysis included 25 references.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. MSCs and the exosomes they produce have been shown to exhibit a significant therapeutic effect in ischemic intestinal injury. The main mechanisms include paracrine regulation through the secretion of growth factors (VEGF, FGF, HGF), immunomodulation (a 60-70% reduction in TNF-α and IL-6), stimulation of angiogenesis (an increase in capillary density by 45%), and suppression of apoptosis (a 50–60% reduction). Autologous adipose- and bone marrow-derived MSCs demonstrate the greatest efficacy, while allogeneic cells require further safety studies. Exosomes, as a cell-free alternative, demonstrate efficacy comparable to MSCs with a lower risk of complications. The analyzed studies did not reveal convincing evidence of the superiority of MSCs over exosomes or vice versa; most authors indicate comparable therapeutic effects.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. MSC- and exosome-based therapy represents a promising approach to treating ischemic intestinal injury, aligned with the principles of regenerative and personalized medicine. However, for widespread clinical implementation, further research is needed to standardize protocols, evaluate long-term outcomes, and develop uniform requirements for materials, including indications, contraindications, dosages, and types of cellular product used.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ишемическое повреждение кишечника</kwd><kwd>мезенхимальные стромальные клетки</kwd><kwd>экзосомы</kwd><kwd>регенеративная медицина</kwd><kwd>клеточная терапия</kwd><kwd>ангиогенез</kwd><kwd>внеклеточные везикулы</kwd><kwd>ишемический колит</kwd><kwd>паракринный механизм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ischemic intestinal injury</kwd><kwd>mesenchymal stromal cells</kwd><kwd>exosomes</kwd><kwd>regenerative medicine</kwd><kwd>cell therapy</kwd><kwd>angiogenesis</kwd><kwd>extracellular vesicles</kwd><kwd>ischemic colitis</kwd><kwd>paracrine mechanism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Acosta S, Ogren M, Sternby NH, Bergqvist D, Bjorck M. 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