regmedjournalРегенерация органов и тканейРегенерация органов и тканей2949-5938Общество регенеративной медицины10.60043/2949-5938-2025-1-10-21regmedjournal-104Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И КОММЕНТАРИИREVIEWS AND COMMENTSЭволюция подходов к манипуляции генетическим материалом живых объектов: от селекции к редактированию геномаEvolution of approaches to manipulating the genetic material of living objects: from selection to genome editingСтамбольскийД. В.StambolskyD. V.

Стамбольский Дмитрий Викторович — к.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник, отдел научных программ и инновационных технологий, Университетская клиника, Медицинский научно-образовательный институт.

119192, Москва, Ломоносовский пр-т, д. 27, к. 10

Dmitry V. Stambolsky — Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Department of Scientific Programs and Innovative Technologies, University Clinic, Medical Research and Educational Institute, Lomonosov Moscow State University.

119192, Moscow, Lomonosovsky Ave., 27/10

stambolskydv@my.msu.ruЗахароваА. В.ZakharovaA. V.

Захарова Алина Вячеславовна — аспирант, факультет фундаментальной медицины, Медицинский научно-образовательный институт.

119192, Москва, Ломоносовский пр-т, д. 27, к. 10

Alina V. Zakharova — PhD student, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research and Educational Institute, Lomonosov Moscow State University.

119192, Moscow, Lomonosovsky Ave., 27/10

КарагяурМ. Н.KaragyaurM. N.

Карагяур Максим Николаевич — д.б.н., доцент кафедры биохимии и регенеративной биомедицины, старший научный сотрудник Центра регенеративной медицины, Медицинский научно-образовательный институт.

119192, Москва, Ломоносовский пр-т, д. 27, к. 10

Maxim N. Karagyaur — Dr. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Regenerative Biomedicine, Senior Researcher, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Educational Institute, Lomonosov Moscow State University.

119192, Moscow, Lomonosovsky Ave., 27/10

ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»РоссияMedical Research and Educational Institute, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation202505042026311021Copyright © Стамбольский Д.В., Захарова А.В., Карагяур М.Н., 20262026Стамбольский Д.В., Захарова А.В., Карагяур М.Н.Stambolsky D.V., Zakharova A.V., Karagyaur M.N.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.regmed-journal.ru/jour/article/view/104

Системы редактирования генома представляют собой мощный инструмент, способный прицельно модифицировать генетический материал в его природном контексте внутри живого организма. Благодаря таким удивительным возможностям системы редактирования нашли широкий спектр применения во всех сферах биологической науки и медицины. В данной рукописи мы проводим краткий исторический экскурс по вопросу возникновения и развития различных систем геномного редактирования. Эволюция данного направления сопровождалась грандиозными открытиями и вручением целого ряда Нобелевских премий. Отслеживая логику научной мысли в стремлении понять и модифицировать материальную основу наследственности, данная рукопись ставит своей целью сформировать у начинающих исследователей целостную картину об огромной вселенной (без преувеличения) систем геномного редактирования. Понимание же полноты всего спектра потенциальной активности систем редактирования обязывает исследователей к вдумчивому и ответственному их применению.

Genome editing systems are powerful tools capable of precisely modifying genetic material in its natural context within a living organism. Due to these remarkable capabilities, editing systems have found a wide range of applications in all areas of biological science and medicine. In this review, we provide a brief historical overview of the origins and development of various genome editing systems. The evolution of this field has been accompanied by significant discoveries and the awarding of numerous Nobel Prizes. Tracing the logic of scientific thought in the quest to understand and modify the material basis of heredity, this manuscript aims to provide budding researchers with a comprehensive picture of the vast universe of genome editing systems. Understanding the full spectrum of potential activity of editing systems obliges researchers to use them thoughtfully and responsibly.

системы редактирования геномаCRISPR/Cas9TIGR/Tasпреимущества и ограничения систем геномного редактированияgenome editing systemsCRISPR/Cas9TIGR/Tasadvantages and limitations of genome editing systemsРабота выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова».The study was carried out as part of Lomonosov Moscow State University state assignment.ReferencesDahm R. Discovering DNA: Friedrich Miescher and the early years of nucleic acid research. Hum Genet. 2008;122(6):565–581. DOI: 10.1007/s00439-007-0433-0Dahm R. Discovering DNA: Friedrich Miescher and the early years of nucleic acid research. Hum Genet. 2008;122(6):565–581. DOI: 10.1007/s00439-007-0433-0Watson JD, Crick FHC. Molecular structure of nucleic acids. Nature. 1953;171(4356):737–738. DOI: 10.1038/171737a0Watson JD, Crick FHC. Molecular structure of nucleic acids. Nature. 1953;171(4356):737–738. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.