<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">regmedjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Регенерация органов и тканей</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Регенерация органов и тканей</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5938</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Общество регенеративной медицины</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.60043/2949-5938-2026-2-45-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">regmedjournal-152</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И КОММЕНТАРИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND COMMENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспансия гемопоэтических стволовых клеток ex vivo: от пуповинной крови к индуцированным плюрипотентным клеткам</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells: from cord blood to induced pluripotent cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дризе</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drize</surname><given-names>N. J.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дризе Нина Иосифовна — доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник </p><p>125167, Москва, Новый Зыковский проезд, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nina I. Drize — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher at the Federal State Budgetary Institution</p><p>125167, Moscow, Novy Zykovsky proesd, 4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ndrize@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Hematology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дризе Н.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дризе Н.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Drize N.J.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.regmed-journal.ru/jour/article/view/152">https://www.regmed-journal.ru/jour/article/view/152</self-uri><abstract><p>Кроветворная система — одна из наиболее интенсивно обновляющихся систем организма. Ежедневно у взрослого человека образуются сотни миллиардов клеток крови, а поддержание этого процесса зависит от небольшой популяции гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ГСК). ГСК способны восстанавливать клетки всех линий кроветворения, что сделало их основой трансплантационной гематологии. Кровь — это не просто ткань, а система непрерывного массового производства клеток. Поэтому идея создания управляемого источника ГСК в лабораторных условиях кажется логичной. Если клетки в организме могут поддерживать такой поток, то их искусственное размножение может значительно расширить возможности переливания крови, трансплантации, генной терапии и регенеративной медицины. Однако те же биологические свойства, которые делают ГСК ценными для терапии: высокий пролиферативный потенциал, способность находиться в состоянии покоя и мультилинейной дифференцировке — стали главным препятствием для их размножения вне организма. В организме ГСК регулируются сложной системой сигналов: клетками ниши, внеклеточным матриксом, цитокинами, хемокинами, уровнем кислорода и контактными взаимодействиями. Для успешного размножения ГСК вне организма необходимо воссоздать не отдельные сигналы, а комплексную регуляцию их самообновления и дифференцировки. Хотя большинство существующих протоколов позволяют увеличить количество CD34+ клеток, считающихся ГСК, или их короткоживущих потомков, они не обеспечивают достаточного количества функциональных длительно репопулирующих ГСК. Индуцированные плюрипотентные стволовые клетки (ИПСК) меняют масштаб задачи, но пока не снимают ее главного биологического ограничения — воспроизведение взрослой дефинитивной ГСК. Основная цель этого обзора — проанализировать успехи и трудности наращивания желательного количества ГСК ex vivo.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The hematopoietic system is one of the most rapidly renewing systems in the body. Hundreds of billions of blood cells are produced daily in adults, and maintaining this process depends on a small population of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). HSCs, which support adult hematopoiesis, are formed in the fetal liver and then in the bone marrow. At birth, many HSCs enter the umbilical cord blood. HSCs are capable of regenerating cells of all hematopoietic lineages, making them the basis of transplant hematology. Blood is not just a tissue, but a system for continuous, mass cell production. Therefore, the idea of creating a controlled source of HSCs in the laboratory seems logical. If cells in the body can maintain such a flow, then their artificial expansion could significantly expand the possibilities of blood transfusion, transplantation, gene therapy, and regenerative medicine. However, the same biological properties that make HSCs valuable for therapy—high proliferative potential, the ability to remain dormant, and multilineage differentiation—have become the main obstacle to their expansion outside the body. In the body, HSCs are regulated by a complex system of signals: niche cells, the extracellular matrix, cytokines, chemokines, oxygen levels, and contact interactions. Successful expansion of HSCs outside the body requires reproducing not just individual signals, but the complex regulation of their self-renewal and differentiation. Although most existing protocols can increase the number of CD34+ cells, considered HSCs, or their short-lived progeny, they do not provide sufficient numbers of functional, long-term repopulating HSCs. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are changing the scope of the task but do not yet address its main biological limitation: the reproduction of adult definitive HSCs. The primary objective of this review is to analyze the successes and challenges of expanding the desired number of HSCs ex vivo.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гемопоэтические стволовые клетки (ГСК)</kwd><kwd>индуцированные плюрипотентные стволовые клетки (ИПСК)</kwd><kwd>экспансия</kwd><kwd>культура клеток</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>ниши</kwd><kwd>метаболизм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)</kwd><kwd>induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)</kwd><kwd>expansion</kwd><kwd>cell culture</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>niches</kwd><kwd>metabolism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamada Y, Zheng Z, Jad AK, Yamashita M. Lethal and sublethal effects of programmed cell death pathways on hematopoietic stem cells. Experimental Hematology. 2024;134:1–13 Elsevier Inc.; 104214.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamada Y, Zheng Z, Jad AK, Yamashita M. Lethal and sublethal effects of programmed cell death pathways on hematopoietic stem cells. Experimental Hematology. 2024;134:1–13 Elsevier Inc.; 104214.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sender R, Milo R. The distribution of cellular turnover in the human body. Nat Med. 2021 Jan 1 [cited 2026 May 15];27(1):45–48. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33432173/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sender R, Milo R. The distribution of cellular turnover in the human body. Nat Med. 2021 Jan 1 [cited 2026 May 15];27(1):45–48. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33432173/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mitchell E, Spencer Chapman M, Williams N, Dawson KJ, Mende N, Calderbank EF, et al. Clonal dynamics of haematopoiesis across the human lifespan. Nature. 2022 Jun 9 [cited 2024 Feb 9];606(7913):343–350. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04786-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitchell E, Spencer Chapman M, Williams N, Dawson KJ, Mende N, Calderbank EF, et al. Clonal dynamics of haematopoiesis across the human lifespan. Nature. 2022 Jun 9 [cited 2024 Feb 9];606(7913):343–350. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04786-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Calvanese V, Mikkola HKA. The genesis of human hematopoietic stem cells. Blood. 2023 Aug 10 [cited 2023 Sep 8];142(6):519–532. Available from: https://ashpublications.org/ blood/article/142/6/519/496470/The-genesis-of-human-hematopoietic-stem-cells</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Calvanese V, Mikkola HKA. The genesis of human hematopoietic stem cells. Blood. 2023 Aug 10 [cited 2023 Sep 8];142(6):519–532. Available from: https://ashpublications.org/ blood/article/142/6/519/496470/The-genesis-of-human-hematopoietic-stem-cells</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomas ED, Lochte HL, Lu WC, Ferrebee JW. Intravenous Infusion of Bone Marrow in Patients Receiving Radiation and Chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 1957 Sep 12 [cited 2026 May 19];257(11):491–496. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13464965/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomas ED, Lochte HL, Lu WC, Ferrebee JW. Intravenous Infusion of Bone Marrow in Patients Receiving Radiation and Chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 1957 Sep 12 [cited 2026 May 19];257(11):491–496. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13464965/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Porada CD, Atala AJ, Almeida-Porada G. The hematopoietic system in the context of regenerative medicine. Methods. Academic Press Inc.; 2016 [cited 2026 May 19];99:44–61. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26319943/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Porada CD, Atala AJ, Almeida-Porada G. The hematopoietic system in the context of regenerative medicine. Methods. Academic Press Inc.; 2016 [cited 2026 May 19];99:44–61. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26319943/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bryder D, Rossi DJ, Weissman IL. Hematopoietic stem cells: the paradigmatic tissue-specific stem cell. Am J Pathol. 2006 Aug [cited 2012 Mar 9];169(2):338–346. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1698791&amp;tool=pmcentrez&amp;rendertype=abstract</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bryder D, Rossi DJ, Weissman IL. Hematopoietic stem cells: the paradigmatic tissue-specific stem cell. Am J Pathol. 2006 Aug [cited 2012 Mar 9];169(2):338–346. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1698791&amp;tool=pmcentrez&amp;rendertype=abstract</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anjos-Afonso F, Bonnet D. Human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell hierarchy: how far are we with its delineation at the most primitive level? Blood. Elsevier B.V. 2023;142 [cited 2026 May 7];509–518. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37018661/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anjos-Afonso F, Bonnet D. Human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell hierarchy: how far are we with its delineation at the most primitive level? Blood. Elsevier B.V. 2023;142 [cited 2026 May 7];509–518. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37018661/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drize NJ, Keller JR, Chertkov JL. Local clonal analysis of the hematopoietic system shows that multiple small short-living clones maintain life-long hematopoiesis in reconstituted mice. Blood. 1996;88(8):2927–2938. Available from: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029909095&amp;partnerID=tZOtx3y1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drize NJ, Keller JR, Chertkov JL. Local clonal analysis of the hematopoietic system shows that multiple small short-living clones maintain life-long hematopoiesis in reconstituted mice. Blood. 1996;88(8):2927–2938. Available from: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029909095&amp;partnerID=tZOtx3y1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmidt M, Glimm H, Lemke N, Muessig a, Speckmann C, Haas S, et al. A model for the detection of clonality in marked hematopoietic stem cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001 Jun;938:146-155; discussion 155–156. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11458502</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmidt M, Glimm H, Lemke N, Muessig a, Speckmann C, Haas S, et al. A model for the detection of clonality in marked hematopoietic stem cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001 Jun;938:146-155; discussion 155–156. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11458502</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verovskaya E, Broekhuis MJC, Zwart E, Ritsema M, van Os R, de Haan G, et al. Heterogeneity of young and aged murine hematopoietic stem cells revealed by quantitative clonal analysis using cellular barcoding. Blood. 2013 Jul 25 [cited 2016 May 30];122(4):523–532. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23719303</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verovskaya E, Broekhuis MJC, Zwart E, Ritsema M, van Os R, de Haan G, et al. Heterogeneity of young and aged murine hematopoietic stem cells revealed by quantitative clonal analysis using cellular barcoding. Blood. 2013 Jul 25 [cited 2016 May 30];122(4):523–532. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23719303</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim S, Kim N, Presson AP, Metzger ME, Bonifacino AC, Sehl M, et al. Dynamics of HSPC Repopulation in Nonhuman Primates Revealed by a Decade-Long Clonal-Tracking Study. Cell Stem Cell. 2014 Apr;14(4):473–485.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim S, Kim N, Presson AP, Metzger ME, Bonifacino AC, Sehl M, et al. Dynamics of HSPC Repopulation in Nonhuman Primates Revealed by a Decade-Long Clonal-Tracking Study. Cell Stem Cell. 2014 Apr;14(4):473–485.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biasco L, Pellin D, Scala S, Dionisio F, Basso-Ricci L, Leonardelli L, et al. In Vivo Tracking of Human Hematopoiesis Reveals Patterns of Clonal Dynamics during Early and Steady State Reconstitution Phases. Cell Stem Cell. 2016 [cited 2021 Mar 26];19(1):107–119. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27237736</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biasco L, Pellin D, Scala S, Dionisio F, Basso-Ricci L, Leonardelli L, et al. In Vivo Tracking of Human Hematopoiesis Reveals Patterns of Clonal Dynamics during Early and Steady State Reconstitution Phases. Cell Stem Cell. 2016 [cited 2021 Mar 26];19(1):107–119. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27237736</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belotserkovskaya E, Golotin V, Uyanik B, Demidov ON. Clonal haematopoiesis — a novel entity that modifies pathological processes in elderly. Cell Death Discov. 2023 Sep 19 [cited 2023 Oct 3];9(1):345. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41420-023-01590-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belotserkovskaya E, Golotin V, Uyanik B, Demidov ON. Clonal haematopoiesis — a novel entity that modifies pathological processes in elderly. Cell Death Discov. 2023 Sep 19 [cited 2023 Oct 3];9(1):345. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41420-023-01590-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taichman RS. Blood and bone: two tissues whose fates are intertwined to create the hematopoietic stem-cell niche. 2005;105(7):2631–2639.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taichman RS. Blood and bone: two tissues whose fates are intertwined to create the hematopoietic stem-cell niche. 2005;105(7):2631–2639.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kwon M, Kim BS, Yoon S, Oh SO, Lee D. Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Niche in Bone Marrow. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). 2024 [cited 2026 May 13];25, Available from: https://pubmed. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38999948/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kwon M, Kim BS, Yoon S, Oh SO, Lee D. Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Niche in Bone Marrow. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). 2024 [cited 2026 May 13];25, Available from: https://pubmed. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38999948/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baryawno N, Przybylski D, Kowalczyk MS, Kfoury Y, Severe N, Gustafsson K, et al. A Cellular Taxonomy of the Bone Marrow Stroma in Homeostasis and Leukemia. Cell. 2019 [cited 2020 Oct 5];177(7):1915–1932.e16. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31130381</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baryawno N, Przybylski D, Kowalczyk MS, Kfoury Y, Severe N, Gustafsson K, et al. A Cellular Taxonomy of the Bone Marrow Stroma in Homeostasis and Leukemia. Cell. 2019 [cited 2020 Oct 5];177(7):1915–1932.e16. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31130381</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laurenti E, Göttgens B. From haematopoietic stem cells to complex differentiation landscapes. Nature. 2018 [cited 2019 Feb 1];553(7689):418–426. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29364285</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laurenti E, Göttgens B. From haematopoietic stem cells to complex differentiation landscapes. Nature. 2018 [cited 2019 Feb 1];553(7689):418–426. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29364285</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morrison SJ, Scadden DT. The bone marrow niche for haematopoietic stem cells. Nature. 2014 Jan 16 [cited 2019 Mar 22];505(7483):327–334. Available from: http://www.nature.com/articles/nature12984</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morrison SJ, Scadden DT. The bone marrow niche for haematopoietic stem cells. Nature. 2014 Jan 16 [cited 2019 Mar 22];505(7483):327–334. Available from: http://www.nature.com/articles/nature12984</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wei Q, Frenette PS. Niches for Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Progeny. Immunity. Cell Press. 2018 [cited 2020 Nov 19];48:632–648. Available from: https://pubmed. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29669248/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wei Q, Frenette PS. Niches for Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Progeny. Immunity. Cell Press. 2018 [cited 2020 Nov 19];48:632–648. Available from: https://pubmed. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29669248/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iscove NN, Nawa K. Hematopoietic stem cells expand during serial transplantation in vive without apparent exhaustion. Curr Biol. 1997 Oct 1 [cited 2026 May 14];7(10):805–808. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9368765/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iscove NN, Nawa K. Hematopoietic stem cells expand during serial transplantation in vive without apparent exhaustion. Curr Biol. 1997 Oct 1 [cited 2026 May 14];7(10):805–808. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9368765/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilson A, Laurenti E, Oser G, van der Wath RC, Blanco-Bose W, Jaworski M, et al. Hematopoietic stem cells reversibly switch from dormancy to self-renewal during homeostasis and repair. Cell. 2008 Dec 12 [cited 2012 Mar 10];135(6):1118–1129. Available from: http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19062086</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilson A, Laurenti E, Oser G, van der Wath RC, Blanco-Bose W, Jaworski M, et al. Hematopoietic stem cells reversibly switch from dormancy to self-renewal during homeostasis and repair. Cell. 2008 Dec 12 [cited 2012 Mar 10];135(6):1118–1129. Available from: http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19062086</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bernitz JM, Kim HS, MacArthur B, Sieburg H, Moore K. Hematopoietic Stem Cells Count and Remember Self-Renewal Divisions. Cell. 2016 Nov [cited 2016 Nov 25];167(5):1296-1309.e10. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0092867416314052</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bernitz JM, Kim HS, MacArthur B, Sieburg H, Moore K. Hematopoietic Stem Cells Count and Remember Self-Renewal Divisions. Cell. 2016 Nov [cited 2016 Nov 25];167(5):1296-1309.e10. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0092867416314052</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boyle C, Lansdorp PM, Edelstein-Keshet L. Predicting the number of lifetime divisions for hematopoietic stem cells from telomere length measurements. iScience. 2023 Jul 21;26(7):107053.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyle C, Lansdorp PM, Edelstein-Keshet L. Predicting the number of lifetime divisions for hematopoietic stem cells from telomere length measurements. iScience. 2023 Jul 21;26(7):107053.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Müller AM, Huppertz S, Henschler R. Hematopoietic stem cells in regenerative medicine: Astray or on the path? Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy. S. Karger AG; 2016 [cited 2026 May 15];43:247–254. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/27721700/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Müller AM, Huppertz S, Henschler R. Hematopoietic stem cells in regenerative medicine: Astray or on the path? Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy. S. Karger AG; 2016 [cited 2026 May 15];43:247–254. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/27721700/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trounson A, McDonald C. Stem Cell Therapies in Clinical Trials: Progress and Challenges. Cell Stem Cell. Cell Press. 2015 [cited 2026 May 15]. Vol. 17. P. 11–22. Available from: htt-ps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26140604/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trounson A, McDonald C. Stem Cell Therapies in Clinical Trials: Progress and Challenges. Cell Stem Cell. Cell Press. 2015 [cited 2026 May 15]. Vol. 17. P. 11–22. Available from: htt-ps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26140604/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seita J, Weissman IL. Hematopoietic stem cell: Self-renewal versus differentiation. Vol. 2.Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Systems Biology and Medicine. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2010 [cited 2026 May 20]. P. 640–653. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/20890962/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seita J, Weissman IL. Hematopoietic stem cell: Self-renewal versus differentiation. Vol. 2.Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Systems Biology and Medicine. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2010 [cited 2026 May 20]. P. 640–653. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/20890962/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Penny TR, Jenkin G, Miller SL, McDonald CA. Umbilical cord blood derived cell expansion: a potential neuroprotective therapy. Stem Cell Research and Therapy. BioMed Central Ltd; 2024 [cited 2026 May 20];15. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/39075614/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Penny TR, Jenkin G, Miller SL, McDonald CA. Umbilical cord blood derived cell expansion: a potential neuroprotective therapy. Stem Cell Research and Therapy. BioMed Central Ltd; 2024 [cited 2026 May 20];15. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/39075614/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gluckman E, Locatelli F. Umbilical cord blood transplants. Current Opinion in Hematology. Curr Opin Hematol. 2000 [cited 2026 May 20];7:353–357. Available from: htt-ps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11055508/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gluckman E, Locatelli F. Umbilical cord blood transplants. Current Opinion in Hematology. Curr Opin Hematol. 2000 [cited 2026 May 20];7:353–357. Available from: htt-ps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11055508/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanchez-Petitto G, Rezvani K, Daher M, Rafei H, Kebriaei P, Shpall EJ, et al. Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation: Connecting Its Origin to Its Future. Stem Cells Translational Medicine. Oxford University Press. 2023 [cited 2026 May 20];12:55–71. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36779789/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanchez-Petitto G, Rezvani K, Daher M, Rafei H, Kebriaei P, Shpall EJ, et al. Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation: Connecting Its Origin to Its Future. Stem Cells Translational Medicine. Oxford University Press. 2023 [cited 2026 May 20];12:55–71. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36779789/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cohen S, Roy J, Lachance S, Delisle JS, Marinier A, Busque L, et al. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using single UM171-expanded cord blood: a single-arm, phase 1–2 safety and feasibility study. Lancet Haematol. 2020 Feb 1 [cited 2026 May 20];7(2):e134–145. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31704264/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cohen S, Roy J, Lachance S, Delisle JS, Marinier A, Busque L, et al. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using single UM171-expanded cord blood: a single-arm, phase 1–2 safety and feasibility study. Lancet Haematol. 2020 Feb 1 [cited 2026 May 20];7(2):e134–145. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31704264/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peled T, Landau E, Mandel J, Glukhman E, Goudsmid NR, Nagler A, et al. Linear polyamine copper chelator tetraethylenepentamine augments long-term ex vivo expansion of cord blood-derived CD34+ cells and increases their engraftment potential in NOD/SCID mice. Exp Hematol. 2004 Jun [cited 2026 May 20];32(6):547–555. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15183895/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peled T, Landau E, Mandel J, Glukhman E, Goudsmid NR, Nagler A, et al. Linear polyamine copper chelator tetraethylenepentamine augments long-term ex vivo expansion of cord blood-derived CD34+ cells and increases their engraftment potential in NOD/SCID mice. Exp Hematol. 2004 Jun [cited 2026 May 20];32(6):547–555. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15183895/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">F. V. 1st FDA Approval Omisirge Expanded Cord Blood To learn more about cord blood banking, visit Parent’s Guide to Cord Blood Foundation. https://parentsguidecordblood.org/en/news/1st-fda-approval-omisirge-expanded-cord-blood</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">F. V. 1st FDA Approval Omisirge Expanded Cord Blood To learn more about cord blood banking, visit Parent’s Guide to Cord Blood Foundation. https://parentsguidecordblood.org/en/news/1st-fda-approval-omisirge-expanded-cord-blood</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hughes MR, Canals Hernaez D, Cait J, Refaeli I, Lo BC, Roskelley CD, et al. A sticky wicket: Defining molecular functions for CD34 in hematopoietic cells. Experimental Hematology. Elsevier Inc. 2020 [cited 2026 May 20];86:1–14. Available from: https://pubmed. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32422232/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hughes MR, Canals Hernaez D, Cait J, Refaeli I, Lo BC, Roskelley CD, et al. A sticky wicket: Defining molecular functions for CD34 in hematopoietic cells. Experimental Hematology. Elsevier Inc. 2020 [cited 2026 May 20];86:1–14. Available from: https://pubmed. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32422232/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hordyjewska A, Popiołek Ł, Horecka A. Characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells of umbilical cord blood. Cytotechnology. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 2015 [cited 2026 May 20];67:387–396. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25373337/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hordyjewska A, Popiołek Ł, Horecka A. Characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells of umbilical cord blood. Cytotechnology. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 2015 [cited 2026 May 20];67:387–396. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25373337/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piacibello W, Sanavio F, Severino A, Garetto L, Danè A, Gammmaitoni L, et al. Ex vivo expansion of cord blood progenitors. In: Vox Sanguinis. Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 1998;457-462.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piacibello W, Sanavio F, Severino A, Garetto L, Danè A, Gammmaitoni L, et al. Ex vivo expansion of cord blood progenitors. In: Vox Sanguinis. Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 1998;457-462.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chou S, Chu P, Hwang W, Lodish H. Expansion of human cord blood hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation. Cell Stem Cell. 2010 Oct 8 [cited 2012 Apr 9];7(4):427–428. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2962561&amp;tool=pmcentrez&amp;rendertype=abstract</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chou S, Chu P, Hwang W, Lodish H. Expansion of human cord blood hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation. Cell Stem Cell. 2010 Oct 8 [cited 2012 Apr 9];7(4):427–428. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2962561&amp;tool=pmcentrez&amp;rendertype=abstract</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sica RA, Terzioglu MK, Mahmud D, Mahmud N. Mechanistic Basis of ex vivo Umbilical Cord Blood. Stem Progenitor Cell Expansion. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports. Springer; 2020 [cited 2026 May 20];16:628–638. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/32424674/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sica RA, Terzioglu MK, Mahmud D, Mahmud N. Mechanistic Basis of ex vivo Umbilical Cord Blood. Stem Progenitor Cell Expansion. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports. Springer; 2020 [cited 2026 May 20];16:628–638. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/32424674/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li C, Shin H, Bhavanasi D, Liu M, Yu X, Liu X, et al. Expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells by inhibiting translation. bioRxiv. The preprint server for biology. bioRxiv; 2023 [cited 2026 May 15]. Available from: http://biorxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2023.11.28.568925</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li C, Shin H, Bhavanasi D, Liu M, Yu X, Liu X, et al. Expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells by inhibiting translation. bioRxiv. The preprint server for biology. bioRxiv; 2023 [cited 2026 May 15]. Available from: http://biorxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2023.11.28.568925</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boitano AE, Wang J, Romeo R, Bouchez LC, Parker AE, Sutton SE, et al. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonists promote the expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells. Science (80-). 2010 Sep 10 [cited 2026 May 20];329(5997):1345–1348. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20688981/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boitano AE, Wang J, Romeo R, Bouchez LC, Parker AE, Sutton SE, et al. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonists promote the expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells. Science (80-). 2010 Sep 10 [cited 2026 May 20];329(5997):1345–1348. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20688981/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fares I, Chagraoui J, Gareau Y, Gingras S, Ruel R, Mayotte N, et al. Pyrimidoindole derivatives are agonists of human hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal. Science (80-). 2014 Sep 19 [cited 2026 May 20];345(6203):1509–1512. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25237102/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fares I, Chagraoui J, Gareau Y, Gingras S, Ruel R, Mayotte N, et al. Pyrimidoindole derivatives are agonists of human hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal. Science (80-). 2014 Sep 19 [cited 2026 May 20];345(6203):1509–1512. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25237102/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watt AP, Kirkland M, Nekkanti L, Pham Y, McDonald C, Malhotra A, et al. Effect of expansion of human umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells on neurotrophic and angiogenic factor expression and function. Cell Tissue Res. 2022 Apr 1 [cited 2026 May 20];388(1):117–132. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35106623/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watt AP, Kirkland M, Nekkanti L, Pham Y, McDonald C, Malhotra A, et al. Effect of expansion of human umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells on neurotrophic and angiogenic factor expression and function. Cell Tissue Res. 2022 Apr 1 [cited 2026 May 20];388(1):117–132. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35106623/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Delaney C, Varnum-Finney B, Aoyama K, Brashemstein C, Bernstein ID. Dose-dependent effects of the Notch ligand Delta1 on ex vivo differentiation and in vivo marrow repopulating ability of cord blood cells. Blood. 2005;106(8):2693–2699.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Delaney C, Varnum-Finney B, Aoyama K, Brashemstein C, Bernstein ID. Dose-dependent effects of the Notch ligand Delta1 on ex vivo differentiation and in vivo marrow repopulating ability of cord blood cells. Blood. 2005;106(8):2693–2699.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Milano F, Thur LA, Blake J, Delaney C. Infusion of Non-HLA-Matched Off-the-Shelf Ex vivo Expanded Cord Blood Progenitors in Patients Undergoing Cord Blood Transplantation: Result of a Phase II Clinical Trial. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Apr 4 [cited 2026 May 20];10. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35445027/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milano F, Thur LA, Blake J, Delaney C. Infusion of Non-HLA-Matched Off-the-Shelf Ex vivo Expanded Cord Blood Progenitors in Patients Undergoing Cord Blood Transplantation: Result of a Phase II Clinical Trial. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Apr 4 [cited 2026 May 20];10. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35445027/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Papa L, Djedaini M, Kintali M, Schaniel C, Hoffman R. Ex vivo Expansion of Adult Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells with Valproic Acid. Methods Mol Biol. 2021 [cited 2026 Jun 3];2185:267–280. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33165854/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Papa L, Djedaini M, Kintali M, Schaniel C, Hoffman R. Ex vivo Expansion of Adult Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells with Valproic Acid. Methods Mol Biol. 2021 [cited 2026 Jun 3];2185:267–280. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33165854/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chaurasia P, Gajzer DC, Schaniel C, D’Souza S, Hoffman R. Epigenetic reprogramming in-duces the expansion of cord blood stem cells. J Clin Invest. 2014 Jun 2 [cited 2026 May 20];124(6):2378–2395. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24762436/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chaurasia P, Gajzer DC, Schaniel C, D’Souza S, Hoffman R. Epigenetic reprogramming in-duces the expansion of cord blood stem cells. J Clin Invest. 2014 Jun 2 [cited 2026 May 20];124(6):2378–2395. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24762436/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saiyin T, Kirkham AM, Bailey AJM, Shorr R, Pineault N, Maganti HB, et al. Clinical Outcomes of Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation Using Ex vivo Expansion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Studies. Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. Elsevier B.V. 2023 [cited 2026 May 20];29:129.e1–129.e9. Available from: https:// pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36396108/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saiyin T, Kirkham AM, Bailey AJM, Shorr R, Pineault N, Maganti HB, et al. Clinical Outcomes of Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation Using Ex vivo Expansion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Studies. Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. Elsevier B.V. 2023 [cited 2026 May 20];29:129.e1–129.e9. Available from: https:// pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36396108/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Papa L, Djedaini M, Hoffman R. Ex vivo HSC expansion challenges the paradigm of unidirectional human hematopoiesis. Vol. 1466. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020 [cited 2026 May 21];39–50. Available from: https://pub-med.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31199002/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Papa L, Djedaini M, Hoffman R. Ex vivo HSC expansion challenges the paradigm of unidirectional human hematopoiesis. Vol. 1466. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020 [cited 2026 May 21];39–50. Available from: https://pub-med.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31199002/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bandyopadhyay S, Duffy MP, Ahn KJ, Sussman JH, Pang M, Smith D, et al. Mapping the cellular biogeography of human bone marrow niches using single-cell transcriptomics and proteomic imaging. Cell. 2024 Jun 6 [cited 2026 May 8];187(12):3120–3140.e29. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38714197/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bandyopadhyay S, Duffy MP, Ahn KJ, Sussman JH, Pang M, Smith D, et al. Mapping the cellular biogeography of human bone marrow niches using single-cell transcriptomics and proteomic imaging. Cell. 2024 Jun 6 [cited 2026 May 8];187(12):3120–3140.e29. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38714197/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nakamura-Ishizu A, Takubo K, Fujioka M, Suda T. Megakaryocytes are essential for HSC quiescence through the production of thrombopoietin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014 Nov 14;454(2):353–357.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nakamura-Ishizu A, Takubo K, Fujioka M, Suda T. Megakaryocytes are essential for HSC quiescence through the production of thrombopoietin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014 Nov 14;454(2):353–357.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lennartsson J, Rönnstrand L. Stem cell factor receptor/c-Kit: From basic Science to clinical implications. Physiol Rev. 2012 Oct 1 [cited 2026 May 22];92(4):1619–1649. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23073628/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lennartsson J, Rönnstrand L. Stem cell factor receptor/c-Kit: From basic Science to clinical implications. Physiol Rev. 2012 Oct 1 [cited 2026 May 22];92(4):1619–1649. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23073628/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dahlberg A, Delaney C, Bernstein ID. Ex vivo expansion of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Blood. 2011 Jun 9 [cited 2012 Mar 14];117(23):6083–6090. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3122936&amp;tool=pmcentrez&amp;rendertype=abstract</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dahlberg A, Delaney C, Bernstein ID. Ex vivo expansion of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Blood. 2011 Jun 9 [cited 2012 Mar 14];117(23):6083–6090. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3122936&amp;tool=pmcentrez&amp;rendertype=abstract</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Butler JM, Nolan DJ, Vertes EL, Varnum-Finney B, Kobayashi H, Hooper AT, et al. Endothe-lial cells are essential for the self-renewal and repopulation of Notch-dependent hematopoietic stem cells. Cell Stem Cell. 2010 Mar 5;6(3):251–264. Available from: http://www. pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2866527&amp;tool=pmcentrez&amp;rendertype=abstract</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Butler JM, Nolan DJ, Vertes EL, Varnum-Finney B, Kobayashi H, Hooper AT, et al. Endothe-lial cells are essential for the self-renewal and repopulation of Notch-dependent hematopoietic stem cells. Cell Stem Cell. 2010 Mar 5;6(3):251–264. Available from: http://www. pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2866527&amp;tool=pmcentrez&amp;rendertype=abstract</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vannini N, Girotra M, Naveiras O, Nikitin G, Campos V, Giger S, et al. Specification of haematopoietic stem cell fate via modulation of mitochondrial activity. Nat Commun. 2016 Oct 12 [cited 2026 May 22];7. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27731316/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vannini N, Girotra M, Naveiras O, Nikitin G, Campos V, Giger S, et al. Specification of haematopoietic stem cell fate via modulation of mitochondrial activity. Nat Commun. 2016 Oct 12 [cited 2026 May 22];7. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27731316/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takubo K, Nagamatsu G, Kobayashi CI, Nakamura-Ishizu A, Kobayashi H, Ikeda E, et al. Regulation of glycolysis by Pdk functions as a metabolic checkpoint for cell cycle quiescence in hematopoietic stem cells. Cell Stem Cell. 2013 Jan 3 [cited 2026 May 22];12(1):49-61. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23290136/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takubo K, Nagamatsu G, Kobayashi CI, Nakamura-Ishizu A, Kobayashi H, Ikeda E, et al. Regulation of glycolysis by Pdk functions as a metabolic checkpoint for cell cycle quiescence in hematopoietic stem cells. Cell Stem Cell. 2013 Jan 3 [cited 2026 May 22];12(1):49-61. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23290136/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park B, Yoo KH, Kim C. Hematopoietic stem cell expansion and generation: The ways to make a breakthrough. Vol. 50. Blood Research. Korean Society of Hematology. 2015 [cited 2026 May 22];194–203. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26770947/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park B, Yoo KH, Kim C. Hematopoietic stem cell expansion and generation: The ways to make a breakthrough. Vol. 50. Blood Research. Korean Society of Hematology. 2015 [cited 2026 May 22];194–203. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26770947/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morrison SJ, Kimble J. Asymmetric and symmetric stem-cell divisions in development and cancer]. Nature. Nature Publishing Group. 2006 [cited 2026 May 22];441:1068–1074. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16810241/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morrison SJ, Kimble J. Asymmetric and symmetric stem-cell divisions in development and cancer]. Nature. Nature Publishing Group. 2006 [cited 2026 May 22];441:1068–1074. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16810241/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eaves CJ. Hematopoietic stem cells: Concepts, definitions, and the new reality. Blood. 2015 Apr 23 [cited 2026 May 22];125(17):2605–2613. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25762175/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eaves CJ. Hematopoietic stem cells: Concepts, definitions, and the new reality. Blood. 2015 Apr 23 [cited 2026 May 22];125(17):2605–2613. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25762175/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar S, Geiger H. HSC Niche Biology and HSC Expansion Ex vivo. Trends Mol Med. 2017 Sep 1 [cited 2018 Sep 20];23(9):799–819. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pubmed/28801069</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar S, Geiger H. HSC Niche Biology and HSC Expansion Ex vivo. Trends Mol Med. 2017 Sep 1 [cited 2018 Sep 20];23(9):799–819. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pubmed/28801069</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Y, Sugimura R. Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells. Exp Cell Res. 2023 (427), 111599, Jun 1:1–8. [cited 2026 May 21];427(1), 111599, 1–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37061173/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Y, Sugimura R. Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells. Exp Cell Res. 2023 (427), 111599, Jun 1:1–8. [cited 2026 May 21];427(1), 111599, 1–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37061173/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilkinson AC, Ishida R, Nakauchi H, Yamazaki S. Long-term ex vivo expansion of mouse hematopoietic stem cells. Nat Protoc. 2020 Feb 1 [cited 2026 May 21];15(2):628–648. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31915389/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilkinson AC, Ishida R, Nakauchi H, Yamazaki S. Long-term ex vivo expansion of mouse hematopoietic stem cells. Nat Protoc. 2020 Feb 1 [cited 2026 May 21];15(2):628–648. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31915389/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reya T, Duncan AW, Ailles L, Domen J, Scherer DC, Willert K, et al. A role for Wnt signalling in self-renewal of haematopoietic stem cells. Nature. 2003 May 22;423(6938):409–414. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12717450</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reya T, Duncan AW, Ailles L, Domen J, Scherer DC, Willert K, et al. A role for Wnt signalling in self-renewal of haematopoietic stem cells. Nature. 2003 May 22;423(6938):409–414. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12717450</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar S, Geiger H. HSC Niche Biology and HSC Expansion Ex vivo. Trends in Molecular Medicine. Elsevier Ltd. 2017 [cited 2026 May 21]. Vol. 23. P. 799–819. Available from: https:// pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28801069/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar S, Geiger H. HSC Niche Biology and HSC Expansion Ex vivo. Trends in Molecular Medicine. Elsevier Ltd. 2017 [cited 2026 May 21]. Vol. 23. P. 799–819. Available from: https:// pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28801069/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walenda T, Bokermann G, Ventura Ferreira MS, Piroth DM, Hieronymus T, Neuss S, et al. Synergistic effects of growth factors and mesenchymal stromal cells for expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Exp Hematol. 2011 Jun [cited 2012 May 28];39(6):617-628. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21356269</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walenda T, Bokermann G, Ventura Ferreira MS, Piroth DM, Hieronymus T, Neuss S, et al. Synergistic effects of growth factors and mesenchymal stromal cells for expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Exp Hematol. 2011 Jun [cited 2012 May 28];39(6):617-628. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21356269</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buza-Vidas N, Cheng M, Duarte S, Charoudeh HN, Jacobsen SEW, Sitnicka E. FLT3 receptor and ligand are dispensable for maintenance and posttransplantation expansion of mouse hematopoietic stem cells. Blood. 2009 Apr 9 [cited 2012 May 25];113(15):3453–3460. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19188666</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buza-Vidas N, Cheng M, Duarte S, Charoudeh HN, Jacobsen SEW, Sitnicka E. FLT3 receptor and ligand are dispensable for maintenance and posttransplantation expansion of mouse hematopoietic stem cells. Blood. 2009 Apr 9 [cited 2012 May 25];113(15):3453–3460. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19188666</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sakurai M, Ishitsuka K, Ito R, Wilkinson AC, Kimura T, Mizutani E, et al. Chemically defined cytokine-free expansion of human haematopoietic stem cells. Nature. 2023 Mar 2 [cited 2023 Mar 9];615(7950):127–133. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05739-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sakurai M, Ishitsuka K, Ito R, Wilkinson AC, Kimura T, Mizutani E, et al. Chemically defined cytokine-free expansion of human haematopoietic stem cells. Nature. 2023 Mar 2 [cited 2023 Mar 9];615(7950):127–133. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05739-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sakurai M, Ishitsuka K, Becker HJ, Yamazaki S. Ex vivo expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells and clinical applications. Vol. 115. Cancer Science. John Wiley and Sons Inc.; 2024 [cited 2026 May 12]. P. 698–705. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38221718/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sakurai M, Ishitsuka K, Becker HJ, Yamazaki S. Ex vivo expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells and clinical applications. Vol. 115. Cancer Science. John Wiley and Sons Inc.; 2024 [cited 2026 May 12]. P. 698–705. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38221718/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilkinson AC, Ishida R, Kikuchi M, Sudo K, Morita M, Crisostomo RV, et al. Long-term ex vivo haematopoietic-stem-cell expansion allows nonconditioned transplantation. Nature. 2019 Jul 4 [cited 2026 May 12];571(7763):117–121. Available from: https://pubmed. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31142833/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilkinson AC, Ishida R, Kikuchi M, Sudo K, Morita M, Crisostomo RV, et al. Long-term ex vivo haematopoietic-stem-cell expansion allows nonconditioned transplantation. Nature. 2019 Jul 4 [cited 2026 May 12];571(7763):117–121. Available from: https://pubmed. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31142833/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Igarashi KJ, Kucinski I, Yi Chan Y, Tan TK, Khoo HM, Kealy D, et al. Physioxia improves the selectivity of hematopoietic stem cell expansion cultures. Blood Adv. 2023 Jul 25 [cited 2026 May 21];7(14):3366–3377. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36809781/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Igarashi KJ, Kucinski I, Yi Chan Y, Tan TK, Khoo HM, Kealy D, et al. Physioxia improves the selectivity of hematopoietic stem cell expansion cultures. Blood Adv. 2023 Jul 25 [cited 2026 May 21];7(14):3366–3377. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36809781/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meaker GA, Nicholls M, Chahrour C, Hsu I, Smith A, Bozhilov Y, et al. A genome-wide screen identifies Runx2 as a novel regulator of hematopoietic stem cell expansion and Tcell commitment. Blood. 2025 Dec 25 [cited 2026 May 21];146(26), 2740–2748. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40961240/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meaker GA, Nicholls M, Chahrour C, Hsu I, Smith A, Bozhilov Y, et al. A genome-wide screen identifies Runx2 as a novel regulator of hematopoietic stem cell expansion and Tcell commitment. Blood. 2025 Dec 25 [cited 2026 May 21];146(26), 2740–2748. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40961240/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Becker HJ, Ishida R, Wilkinson AC, Kimura T, Lee MSJ, Coban C, et al. Controlling genetic heterogeneity in gene-edited hematopoietic stem cells by single-cell expansion. Cell Stem Cell. 2023 Jul 6 [cited 2026 May 21];30(7):987–1000.e8. Available from: https://pubmed. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37385251/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Becker HJ, Ishida R, Wilkinson AC, Kimura T, Lee MSJ, Coban C, et al. Controlling genetic heterogeneity in gene-edited hematopoietic stem cells by single-cell expansion. Cell Stem Cell. 2023 Jul 6 [cited 2026 May 21];30(7):987–1000.e8. Available from: https://pubmed. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37385251/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">della Volpe L, Lee AJ, Antoszewski M, Deik AA, Safina KR, Gao T, et al. Inhibiting ferroptosis enhances ex vivo expansion of human haematopoietic stem cells. Nat Cell Biol. 2025 Dec 1 [cited 2026 May 21];27(12):2214–2224. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41254392/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">della Volpe L, Lee AJ, Antoszewski M, Deik AA, Safina KR, Gao T, et al. Inhibiting ferroptosis enhances ex vivo expansion of human haematopoietic stem cells. Nat Cell Biol. 2025 Dec 1 [cited 2026 May 21];27(12):2214–2224. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41254392/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spencer Chapman M, Wilk CM, Boettcher S, Mitchell E, Dawson K, Williams N, et al. Clonal dynamics after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation. Nature. 2024 Nov 28 [cited 2026 May 8];635(8040):926–934. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39478227/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spencer Chapman M, Wilk CM, Boettcher S, Mitchell E, Dawson K, Williams N, et al. Clonal dynamics after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation. Nature. 2024 Nov 28 [cited 2026 May 8];635(8040):926–934. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39478227/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bastani S, Staal FJT, Canté-Barrett K. The quest for the holy grail: overcoming challenges in expanding human hematopoietic stem cells for clinical use. Vol. 10. Stem Cell Investigation. AME Publishing Company; 2023 [cited 2026 May 27]. Available from: https://pubmed. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37457748/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bastani S, Staal FJT, Canté-Barrett K. The quest for the holy grail: overcoming challenges in expanding human hematopoietic stem cells for clinical use. Vol. 10. Stem Cell Investigation. AME Publishing Company; 2023 [cited 2026 May 27]. Available from: https://pubmed. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37457748/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rowe RG, Daley GQ. Induced pluripotent stem cells in disease modelling and drug discovery. Nature Reviews Genetics. Nature Publishing Group. 2019 [cited 2026 May 25]. Vol. 20. P. 377–388. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30737492/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rowe RG, Daley GQ. Induced pluripotent stem cells in disease modelling and drug discovery. Nature Reviews Genetics. Nature Publishing Group. 2019 [cited 2026 May 25]. Vol. 20. P. 377–388. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30737492/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivanovs A, Rybtsov S, Ng ES, Stanley EG, Elefanty AG, Medvinsky A. Human haematopoietic stem cell development: From the embryo to the dish. Development (Cambridge). Company of Biologists Ltd. 2017 [cited 2026 May 25]. Vol. 144. P. 2323–2337. Available from: https:// pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28676567/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanovs A, Rybtsov S, Ng ES, Stanley EG, Elefanty AG, Medvinsky A. Human haematopoietic stem cell development: From the embryo to the dish. Development (Cambridge). Company of Biologists Ltd. 2017 [cited 2026 May 25]. Vol. 144. P. 2323–2337. Available from: https:// pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28676567/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peng F, Wang Y, Cheng L, Cai R, Fu X, Yang Z, et al. Chemical reprogramming of human blood cells to pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell. 2025 Aug 7 [cited 2026 May 12];32(8):1192-1199.e11. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40744016/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peng F, Wang Y, Cheng L, Cai R, Fu X, Yang Z, et al. Chemical reprogramming of human blood cells to pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell. 2025 Aug 7 [cited 2026 May 12];32(8):1192-1199.e11. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40744016/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fu X, Peng F, Cai R, Mao J, Liu T, Dong Y, et al. Robust generation of clinically applicable human pluripotent stem cells from peripheral blood by chemical reprogramming. Cell Discovery. Springer Nature. 2025 [cited 2026 May 25]. Vol. 11. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41436438/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fu X, Peng F, Cai R, Mao J, Liu T, Dong Y, et al. Robust generation of clinically applicable human pluripotent stem cells from peripheral blood by chemical reprogramming. Cell Discovery. Springer Nature. 2025 [cited 2026 May 25]. Vol. 11. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41436438/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Y, Ding J, Araki D, Zou J, Larochelle A. Modulation of WNT, Activin/Nodal, and MAPK Signaling Pathways Increases Arterial Hemogenic Endothelium and Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Formation During Human iPSC Differentiation. Stem Cells. 2023 Jul 1 [cited 2026 May 25];41(7):685–697. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/37220178/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Y, Ding J, Araki D, Zou J, Larochelle A. Modulation of WNT, Activin/Nodal, and MAPK Signaling Pathways Increases Arterial Hemogenic Endothelium and Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Formation During Human iPSC Differentiation. Stem Cells. 2023 Jul 1 [cited 2026 May 25];41(7):685–697. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/37220178/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aihara A, Koike T, Abe N, Nakamura S, Sawaguchi A, Nakamura T, et al. Novel TPO receptor agonist TA-316 contributes to platelet biogenesis from human iPS cells. Blood Adv. 2017 Feb 28 [cited 2026 May 12];1(7):468–476. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29296963/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aihara A, Koike T, Abe N, Nakamura S, Sawaguchi A, Nakamura T, et al. Novel TPO receptor agonist TA-316 contributes to platelet biogenesis from human iPS cells. Blood Adv. 2017 Feb 28 [cited 2026 May 12];1(7):468–476. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29296963/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sugimoto N, Kanda J, Nakamura S, Kitano T, Hishizawa M, Kondo T, et al. iPLAT1: the firstin-human clinical trial of iPSC-derived platelets as a phase 1 autologous transfusion study. Blood. 2022 Dec 1 [cited 2026 May 25];140(22):2398–2402. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36112961/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sugimoto N, Kanda J, Nakamura S, Kitano T, Hishizawa M, Kondo T, et al. iPLAT1: the firstin-human clinical trial of iPSC-derived platelets as a phase 1 autologous transfusion study. Blood. 2022 Dec 1 [cited 2026 May 25];140(22):2398–2402. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36112961/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit82"><label>82</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu X, Zhang Z, Cui X, Guo R, Ding X, Ma L, et al. Transient SP140 inhibition unlocks hematopoietic stem cell fate from human pluripotent stem cells. Blood. 2026;147(14):1584–1597.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu X, Zhang Z, Cui X, Guo R, Ding X, Ma L, et al. Transient SP140 inhibition unlocks hematopoietic stem cell fate from human pluripotent stem cells. Blood. 2026;147(14):1584–1597.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit83"><label>83</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Juster S, Gãttgens B. Turning off SP140 to turn on HSCs. Blood. Elsevier B.V. 2026 [cited 2026 May 25]. Vol. 147. P. 1511–1513. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41926141/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Juster S, Gãttgens B. Turning off SP140 to turn on HSCs. Blood. Elsevier B.V. 2026 [cited 2026 May 25]. Vol. 147. P. 1511–1513. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41926141/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit84"><label>84</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ding M, Lu Y, Lei QK, Zheng YW. Advantages and challenges of ex vivo generation and expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells from pluripotent stem cells. Experimental Hematology. Elsevier Inc.. 2025 [cited 2026 May 12]. Vol. 145. Available from: https:// pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086687/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ding M, Lu Y, Lei QK, Zheng YW. Advantages and challenges of ex vivo generation and expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells from pluripotent stem cells. Experimental Hematology. Elsevier Inc.. 2025 [cited 2026 May 12]. Vol. 145. Available from: https:// pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086687/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit85"><label>85</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dias J, Gumenyuk M, Kang H, Vodyanik M, Yu J, Thomson JA, et al. Generation of red blood cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Dev. 2011 Sep 1 [cited 2026 Jun 3];20(9):1639–1647. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21434814/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dias J, Gumenyuk M, Kang H, Vodyanik M, Yu J, Thomson JA, et al. Generation of red blood cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Dev. 2011 Sep 1 [cited 2026 Jun 3];20(9):1639–1647. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21434814/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit86"><label>86</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iriguchi S, Yasui Y, Kawai Y, Arima S, Kunitomo M, Sato T, et al. A clinically applicable and scalable method to regenerate T-cells from iPSCs for off-the-shelf T-cell. Immunotherapy. 2021 Jan 18;12(1):430. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20658-3.Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33462228/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iriguchi S, Yasui Y, Kawai Y, Arima S, Kunitomo M, Sato T, et al. A clinically applicable and scalable method to regenerate T-cells from iPSCs for off-the-shelf T-cell. Immunotherapy. 2021 Jan 18;12(1):430. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20658-3.Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33462228/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit87"><label>87</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carpenter L, Malladi R, Yang CT, French A, Pilkington KJ, Forsey RW, et al. Human induced pluripotent stem cells are capable of B-cell lymphopoiesis. Blood. 2011 Apr 14 [cited 2026 Jun 3];117(15):4008–4011. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/21343609/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carpenter L, Malladi R, Yang CT, French A, Pilkington KJ, Forsey RW, et al. Human induced pluripotent stem cells are capable of B-cell lymphopoiesis. Blood. 2011 Apr 14 [cited 2026 Jun 3];117(15):4008–4011. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/21343609/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit88"><label>88</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu H, Blum RH, Bjordahl R, Gaidarova S, Rogers P, Lee TT, et al. Pluripotent stem cell-derived NK cells with high-affinity noncleavable CD16a mediate improved antitumor activity. Blood. 2020 Feb 6 [cited 2026 Jun 3];135(6):399–410. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31856277/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu H, Blum RH, Bjordahl R, Gaidarova S, Rogers P, Lee TT, et al. Pluripotent stem cell-derived NK cells with high-affinity noncleavable CD16a mediate improved antitumor activity. Blood. 2020 Feb 6 [cited 2026 Jun 3];135(6):399–410. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31856277/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit89"><label>89</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levine BL, Miskin J, Wonnacott K, Keir C. Global Manufacturing of CAR T Cell Therapy. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2017 Mar 17 [cited 2026 Jun 2];4:92–101. Available from: https:// pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28344995/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levine BL, Miskin J, Wonnacott K, Keir C. Global Manufacturing of CAR T Cell Therapy. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2017 Mar 17 [cited 2026 Jun 2];4:92–101. Available from: https:// pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28344995/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit90"><label>90</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shimasaki N, Shimizu E, Nakamura Y, Iguchi H, Ueda A, Umekage M, et al. Size control of induced pluripotent stem cells colonies in two-dimensional culture for differentiation into functional monocyte-like cells. Cytotherapy. 2023 Dec 1 [cited 2026 May 12];25(12):1338-1348. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37676216/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shimasaki N, Shimizu E, Nakamura Y, Iguchi H, Ueda A, Umekage M, et al. Size control of induced pluripotent stem cells colonies in two-dimensional culture for differentiation into functional monocyte-like cells. Cytotherapy. 2023 Dec 1 [cited 2026 May 12];25(12):1338-1348. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37676216/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
