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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">regmedjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Регенерация органов и тканей</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Регенерация органов и тканей</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5938</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Общество регенеративной медицины</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.60043/2949-5938-2024-3-14-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">regmedjournal-77</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И КОММЕНТАРИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND COMMENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стволовые клетки для терапии нейродегенерации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Stem cells for therapy of neurodegeneration</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полтавцева</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poltavtseva</surname><given-names>Rimma A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полтавцева Римма Алексеевна — к.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории «Клинической иммунологии»; старший научный сотрудник Центра фотоники и фотонных технологий,</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, 4;</p><p>121205, Москва, Большой бульвар, 30, стр. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rimma A. Poltavtseva — Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Research Associate of the Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Senior Research Scientist,</p><p>117997, Moscow, Oparina str., 4;</p><p>121205, Moscow, Bolshoy Blvd, 30 p. 1.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rimpol@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свирщевская</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svirshchevskaya</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Свирщевская Елена Викторовна — к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории «Клинической иммунологии»; старший научный сотрудник отдела иммунологии; старший научный сотрудник Центра фотоники и фотонных технологий,</p><p> 117997, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, 4;</p><p>121205, Москва, Большой бульвар, 30, стр. 1;</p><p> 117997, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 16/10.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Svirshchevskaya — Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Research Fellow of the Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Senior Research Fellow of the Department of immunology; Senior Research Scientist</p><p>117997, Moscow, Oparina str., 4;</p><p>117997, Moscow, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10;</p><p>121205, Moscow, Bolshoy Blvd, 30 p. 1.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чиков</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tchikov</surname><given-names>Vladimir M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чиков Владимир Михайлович — к.ф.-м.н., внештатный научный сотрудник лаборатории «Клинической иммунологии»,</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, 4.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir M. Tchikov — Cand. Sci. (Phys. and Math.), non-staff scientist at the Laboratory of Clinical Immunology,</p><p>117997, Moscow, Oparina str., 4.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобкова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobkova</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бобкова Наталья Викторовна — к.б.н., заведующая лабораторией «Клеточных механизмов патологии памяти» Института биофизики клетки РАН (обособленное подразделение),</p><p>142290, Московская область, г. Пущино, ул. Институтская, 3.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Bobkova — Cand. Sci. (Biology), head of Laboratory Cell Mechanisms of Memory Pathology, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences,</p><p>142290, Moscow region, Pushchino, Institutskaya str., 3.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухих</surname><given-names>Г. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhikh</surname><given-names>Gennady T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сухих Геннадий Тихонович — д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, директор,</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, 4.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gennady T. Sukhikh — MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director,</p><p> 117997, Moscow, Oparina str., 4.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Сколковский институт науки и технологий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov; Skoltech Center for Photonic Science and Engineering</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ФГБУН «Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации «Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова» Российской академии наук; Сколковский институт науки и технологий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of bioorganic chemistry of RAS; Skoltech Center for Photonic Science and Engineering</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр «Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований» Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pushchino  Federal Research Center for Biological Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Полтавцева Р.А., Свирщевская Е.В., Чиков В.М., Бобкова Н.В., Сухих Г.Т., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Полтавцева Р.А., Свирщевская Е.В., Чиков В.М., Бобкова Н.В., Сухих Г.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Poltavtseva R.A., Svirshchevskaya E.V., Tchikov V.M., Bobkova N.V., Sukhikh G.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.regmed-journal.ru/jour/article/view/77">https://www.regmed-journal.ru/jour/article/view/77</self-uri><abstract><p>Регенеративная медицина является бурно развивающейся областью биомедицины, направленной на восстановление поврежденных тканей и органов. Перспективные направления исследований включают создание искусственных органов, разработку биоматериалов, персонализированную медицину при сердечно-сосудистых, нейродегенеративных, онкологических заболеваниях, сахарном диабете и многих других патологиях. Однако существенным препятствием на пути широкого внедрения регенеративной медицины в клиническую практику являются проблемы, связанные с иммунологическими реакциями, этическими вопросами и масштабированием технологий.</p><p>Использование стволовых клеток (СК), выделяемых ими органелл, в том числе малых внеклеточных везикул (мВВ), биологически активных соединений является альтернативным методом для лечения заболеваний, в терапии которых существующие традиционные методы лечения малоэффективны. Клеточная терапия на основе мезенхимальных, эмбриональных, нейральных и индуцированных плюрипотентных стволовых клеток рассматривается как перспективный подход в лечении нейродегенеративных заболеваний, распространенность которых растет в связи с увеличением продолжительности жизни населения. Интерес к трансплантации мВВ объясняется не только их малыми размерами по сравнению с клетками, что облегчает их распространение в организме реципиента, но и сходством эффектов с действием материнских клеток. В данном обзоре приведены экспериментальные данные по анализу использования СК и их продуктов для терапии и профилактики нейродегенеративных заболеваний.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Regenerative medicine is an advanced field of biomedicine aimed at repairing damaged tissues and organs. Promising areas of research include the creation of artificial organs, the development of biomaterials and personalized medicine in the treatment of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, oncological diseases, diabetes mellitus, and many others. Researchers face challenges related to immunological reactions, ethical issues, and technology scaling. Stem cells (SC) and their products, including small extracellular vesicles (sEV), are promising tools for the therapy of diseases that are currently difficult to treat with the existing approaches. Cell therapy based on mesenchymal, embryonic, neural, and induced pluripotent SC is a promising method for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, the prevalence of which is increasing due to an increase in life expectancy of the population. The interest in sEV is explained by the fact that the effect of sEV transplantation is comparable to that of maternal cells, and their small size gives them obvious advantages in distribution throughout the recipient’s body. This review provides experimental and clinical data on the use of SC and their products for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and their prevention.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мезенхимальные и эмбриональные стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>экзосомы</kwd><kwd>сфероиды</kwd><kwd>органоиды мозга</kwd><kwd>старение</kwd><kwd>нейродегенеративные заболевания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mesenchymal embryonic stem cells</kwd><kwd>neurodegeneration</kwd><kwd>extracellular vesicles</kwd><kwd>exosomes</kwd><kwd>spheroids</kwd><kwd>brain organoids</kwd><kwd>neurodegenerative diseases</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта РНФ № 23-13-00035.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 23-13-00035.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. 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