Индуцированные плюрипотентные стволовые клетки: история открытия, современное состояние и направления дальнейшего развития

В октябре 2026 года биомедицинское сообщество отмечает знаменательное событие — выход статьи Takahashi and Yamanaka (2006), впервые описавшей возможность индукции плюрипотентного клеточного состояния [1].

Чуть более чем два десятилетия, прошедшие с момента появления первых колоний индуцированных плюрипотентных стволовых клеток (ИПСК), превратили репрограммирование соматических клеток в мощный инструмент для биологии и медицины. Сегодня на основе ИПСК создаются модели не только моногенных болезней, но и полигенных мультифакторных заболеваний. Технологии редактирования генома, секвенирования генома отдельных клеток, получение органоидов для моделирования сложных процессов органогенеза обогатили возможности использования ИПСК в научных исследованиях. В последние годы на основе клеток, дифференцированных из ИПСК, создаются и испытываются биомедицинские клеточные продукты. Однако первостепенное историческое значение имеет именно тот базовый эксперимент, в котором из 24 кандидатных генов, пяти шестилуночных планшетов и 22 выживших колоний родилась новая парадигма клеточной пластичности, удостоенная Нобелевской премии 2012 года и положившая начало целой технологии регенеративной медицины, которая сегодня входит в свою зрелую, клинически-ориентированную фазу. В этом обзоре освещены экспериментальные предпосылки индуцированной плюрипотентности, подведены промежуточные итоги развития этой технологии, обозначены перспективы дальнейшего развития.

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